Composite bar



(No Model.)

H. H. LIBBY.

GOMPQSITE BAR.

' No. 332,405. tented Dec. 15, 1885.

WITNEEEES INVENTEIR N PiYERS. mum n m, Wuhingtun. 0.0.

ROBERT II. LIBBY," OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

coMP os-iTe- AR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 332,?05, dated December15, 1885;

Application filed September18, 1835. Serial No. 177,445.; (So mum.

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that 1, ROBERT H. LI nnY, of;

having alternating solid and tubular sections,

of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description,reference'being had to the accompanying drawings, forming thisspecification in explaining its nature.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple and easy means forproducing metal articles having a certain predetern'iined section orsections thereof of tubular form, and a certain section or sections ofsolid metal disposed in relation to the tubular sections, as may bedesired. The disposition of metal in this alternating solid and tubularform is very desirable for a great many purposes, and especially whereit is desirable to obtain strength with comparative lightness in certainparts of the article and solidity in certain other partsas, forinstance, a shaft for transmitting power, or a car-aXle, where it isdesirable to have the ends of solid metal and the intermediate sectioninside the journal or wheel -bearings tubular. This produces not only acheaper shaft or axle, because less metal is required, withoutincreasing the labor, but it makes a better and stronger article thancan be produced in any other way withthe same amount of metal. Ihavementioned these two articles to show the use to which the invention maybe put; but I would not be understood as limiting it thereto, as thereare many other articles which can be better and more cheaply made bythis pro cess than by the present mode of manufacture. I would mentionalso that the process is especially applicable in making columns, posts,&c., and that the sand or refractory matter by which the tubular sectionis formed, and which fills it, takes the place of the filling ordinarilyplaced in hollow columns or posts. In practicing the invention I makewhat is known as a boX-pilethat is, I form the box of slabs or plates ofmetalsand there is placed within the box the metal which is to besubsequently formed, as hereinafter described, into the desired article,and there is placed in proper relation to the metal within the pile a apart of,

body of sand or, other equivalent refractory material. This sand orrefractory material is incased. preferably, in a thin sheet-metal case,and it is lo'cated. in the pile and in relatiogn to the mctalcontaiuedtherein with regard-to the position which it is desired that the cavityor non-metallic part of the article to be,pr0duced shall bear to thesolid portio nsthereof. The pile is then covered with a plate or sheetof metal and properly strapped or fastened together. It is thenheated ina fuiiuacetoa welding heat, and is then submitted to the shaping andforming action of a train of rolls, and treated in the same manner as anordinary ingot would be treated in the manufacture of metal rods andbars. In

drawing the heated pile or ingot to shape the solid metallic portionsthereof will remain solid, and be rolled to a solid form, and theportion covering the sand or refractory material will be caused to takeatubular form, the sand or refractory material remaining at the centerand acting as a former in producing the tubular section orsections, andis of course elongated with the metal as the pile or ingot is rolledout.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 represents a cross-section of oneform of box-pile. Fig. 2 represents in longitudinal section another formthereof. Fig. 3 shows the bar or rod made from the heated box-pile shownin Fig. 1 after it has been submitted to the action of the rolls, andFig. 4 shows the rod or bar rolled from the heated box-pile shown inFig. 2.

In Figs. 1 and 2, A represents the box or casing of the pile. It is madeup of two side pieces or plates, a a, the bottom plate, a and the topplate, a".

B represents the metal contained in the box, the ends of whichpreferably are closed by the piles B.

0 represents the body or mass of sand or other refractory material, andc the sheetmetal casing inclosing it.

In Fig. 1 the sand or refractory material is represented as centrallylocated in the boxpile, and when thus located the bar or rod rolledtherefrom will have solid metallic ends D D of the same lengthrepresented in Fig. 3, connected by an intermediate metallic tube,shell, or casing, d, of greater or less thickness, according to theextent of the re duction of the ingot or pile and the proportion whichthe sand or refractory matter bears to the metal surrounding it in thepile.

In Fig. 2 the sand or refractory material, instead of being centrallylocated in one mass in the pile, is arranged in separate bodies ormasses, and the spaces between them are filled with metal, and theconstruction of the boxpile will produce a bar or rod having the tubularmetal sections disposed in relation to the solid sections substantiallyas shown in Fig. 4, where E represents the solid portions and e theshells or tubes. which maybe treated as herein described namely, bybeing heated to a welding heat and then rolled or otherwise reduced toshape may be used.

In Fig. 3 the bar or rod best adapted for the manufacture of car-axlesis shown.

It will be obvious that the use of my invention for car-axles and forshafti ng possesses many advantages. For car-axles it will be Any kindof metalv the portions of the shaft which of necessity must be solid forproperly supporting pulleys, wheels, 850., can easily'be made so, whilethe intermediate sections may be made tubular or cylindrical, and thatcar-axles and shafting made in this way are cheaper than the allmetalarticles, as they contain less metal,while their strength is increased,and the danger from crystallization decreased on account of the removalof the metal center.

I reserve the right to make a separate application for the process ormanner of manufacturing the structure herein described.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States As an improved article ofmanufacture, a metal structure for shaftiug, axles, &c., having solidmetal sections united by an integral metal section or sections in theform of a tube, cylinder, or continuous shell, all substantially as andfor the purposes described.

ROBERT H. LIBBY.

Witnesses:

F. F. RAYMOND, 2d, FRED. B. DOLAN.

